In accordance with MARPOL Annex V, garbage generated on commercial vessels should be appropriately disposed of. It is observed that the garbage is one of the main factors which is responsible for the maritime pollution. According to MARPOL Annex V, the waste which is created on the vessels, contains all different types of wastes so this waste should be discarded consistently or intermittently.
In 2013, MARPOL Annex V, was put forth, for regulating trash collection, and disposal from vessels; it also advises that any garbage dumping occur as distant from land as feasible. There are various categories in which garbage is classified so that it is not difficult for the ship owner to handle the garbage and also it takes less time. Food waste, bulk cargo leftovers, waste water, and animal remains are all permitted to be disposed, But, according to MARPOL Annex V, it is banned to dump plastic anywhere in the water, which includes burn ashes from plastic, should not be released into the water. Disposal of waste from food, is allowed beyond 12 nautical miles limit, and if comminute or ground less than 25 mm, disposal is permissible at 3 miles. Cargo waste and wash water including cargo leftover may be dumped beyond the 12 nm provided they do not involve any ecologically hazardous substances. Animal remains should always be disposed of as much distant from the land as feasible.
There are some special areas which come under MARPOL Annex V. There is a Garbage Management Plan which is a must for big ships, this garbage management plan consists of standard operating procedures for reducing, gathering, retrieving, handling, and properly dispose of garbage, including the use of on-board equipment. There is also a Garbage Record Book, which is also a must for big vessels, with which you can record operations such as dumping and burning.
References: 1. Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships (imo.org)
2. A Guide to Handling Garbage on Ships - Maritime and Salvage Wolrd News - Latest Ship Technologies (marine-salvage.net)
3. https://youtu.be/aaPyNSt0eXE
4. https://youtu.be/WyT8i6NYLZM
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